Palmer Spinal Exam 4 Practice

Hyperkyphosis is an exaggerated forward curvature of the thoracic spine. It can arise from different mechanisms, and each factor listed can contribute to this posture. Poor posture tends to create a functional, reversible increase in thoracic flexion due to habitual slouching and rounded shoulders. Degenerative disc disease can cause loss of disc height and changes in spinal segment alignment, which tilt the spine forward and accentuate kyphosis. Osteoporosis, especially with vertebral compression fractures, often produces wedge-shaped anterior collapse of thoracic vertebrae, driving the spine into greater forward curvature. Because any of these factors can produce or worsen a pronounced thoracic kyphosis, the overall answer is that all of the above can cause hyperkyphosis. In practice, a patient may have a combination of these contributors, especially with aging, highlighting the importance of posture, bone health, and spinal degenerative disease management.