Palmer Spinal Exam 4 Practice

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• If this gland is blocked, it results in a chalazion.
• Which type of cartilage articulates with the vertebral body?
• Which vein is located at the medial aspect of the eye and drains into the internal jugular vein?
• Why is the ligamentum flavum referred to as the yellow ligament?
• Which receptors are highly concentrated in the supraspinous ligament?
• Which suture is found between the frontal bone and the parietal bones?
• Bell’s palsy commonly results in inability to close the eye due to paralysis of which muscle?
• Which cranial nerves go through the jugular foramen of the posterior cranial fossa?
• What is the primary clinical indicator that someone has scoliosis?
• Which statement about external nose arterial supply is true?
• Which ligament does not support the TMJ?
• What is the fluid filling the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye, produced by the ciliary body and reabsorbed in the scleral venous sinus?
• Which bones form the anterior cranial fossa?
• What is the classification of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
• Which fontanelle closes earliest in infancy?
• Ciliary glands secrete __________ __________ which nourishes the cornea and lens.
• The lamellar (deep) layer forms from the posterior tubercle on the posterior arch of which vertebra to which spinous processes?
• Lateral curvatures in the spine typically appear around what age?
• The thoracic curve extends from which vertebral levels?
• Which region is primarily supplied by the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve?
• OLF is associated with obesity.
• What forms the lateral boundary of the orbit?
• What is the innervation of the ALL?
• Which regions are kyphotic?
• Which innervation to the anterior outer 1/3 of the annulus fibrosus?
• Parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland is from which nerve?
• Blockage of which venous structure leads to glaucoma?
• If the apex of a scoliosis curve is at T12, what does this indicate?
• The nasolacrimal duct is located in which opening?
• Trigeminal neuralgia is also known as tic douloureux and is due to compression of which cranial nerve?
• Which type of sequestration does not penetrate the PLL?
• What is the only movable joint on the skull?
• What are the actions of the temporalis muscle?
• In achondroplasia, endochondral ossification is affected, causing early fusion of epiphyses of limbs and skull bones; which synchondrosis is the only type seen?
• The vein of the external nose drains into which venous plexus?
• Craniosynostosis refers to premature fusion of which structures?
• Scheuermann's Kyphosis is idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown, and patients typically outgrow this.
• Disc bulge is the same as disc protrusion.
• The dorsal nasal artery is a branch of which artery?
• The anterior fontanel closes at the intersection of which sutures?
• Which bones are paired in the viscerocranium?
• Swayback is a hyperlordotic condition specific to which spinal region?
• What are the two compartments created by the articular disc of the TMJ?
• Which is an example of hypokyphosis?
• In infantile idiopathic scoliosis, does this worsen with age?
• What forms the superior boundary of the orbit?
• The natural thoracic kyphotic curve ranges from what degrees?
• Cervical and lumbar ligaments are loose, while thoracic ligaments are taught.
• Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the cornea?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a cause of structural scoliosis?
• The lateral cartilage of the nose attaches to which structures?
• Straight (flat) back syndrome is a structural abnormality.
• What are the actions of the lateral pterygoid muscle?
• Which cranial nerve/s does the anterior cranial fossa contain?
• Which landmark marks the closure of the posterior fontanel?
• The Metopic Suture is located between which bones?
• Hyperkyphosis is defined as a kyphotic curvature greater than how many degrees?
• Which statement best describes a functional significance of the ALL in the lumbar region?
• Which muscles attach the auricle to the head, and what are their innervations?
• Cartilaginous end plates are composed of two types of cartilage. Which part articulates with the intervertebral disc?
• What motions does the inferior cavity allow?
• In the five-layer model of the scalp, the epicranial aponeurosis (galea) corresponds to which layer?
• The supraspinous ligament is well developed in which spinal region?
• Preganglionic fibers from the lesser petrosal nerve synapse in which ganglion?
• All of the following muscles allow for depression of the TMJ except which one?
• What motions does the superior cavity of the TMJ allow?
• Which group is most commonly affected by AIS and why?
• The medial palpebral ligament connects the superior and inferior tarsal plates to which bone?
• Which extrusion does not penetrate the PLL?
• Which bone does the lateral palpebral ligament attach to?
• The Lambda landmark is formed where which sutures meet?
• A posterior bending deviation of the kyphotic curve is caused by which condition?
• The major alar cartilage of the nose attaches to which structures? Why is this unique?
• Which of the following terms are commonly used to describe hyperkyphosis?
• The facial artery is a branch of which artery?
• Which arteries supply the external nose?
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is also called what disease?
• Which structure of the intervertebral disc allows diffusion of gases, nutrients and waste materials?
• Which artery supplies the vessels of the eye, and into which veins do they drain?
• Which bone does NOT participate in forming the pterion?
• Which type of disc extrusion occurs when the diameter of the peripheral herniated disc material is greater than its base attachment to the host disc?
• When is cervical lordosis most accentuated?
• What is the primary function of Meibomian glands in the eyelids?
• What is a potential cardiac consequence of straight (flat) back syndrome?
• Which part of the skull undergoes endochondral ossification and what type of joint is present there?
• Sensory innervation of the parotid gland is via which nerves?
• What does etiology refer to in scoliosis classification?
• The pelvic curve extends from which vertebral levels?
• The intervertebral disc is filled with water and which two substances?
• Which combination of nerves constitutes the sensory somatic afferent pathway of the external ear?
• What structure is associated with the herniation of intervertebral disc material?
• The inferior orbital fissure is formed by which two bones?
• The funicular (superficial) layer runs from which structures to the C7 spinous process?
• Which fontanelle closes last?
• What is the typical lumbar lordotic curve in degrees?
• Which statement best describes the PLL's nociceptive innervation?
• Secondary curvatures are also known as which of the following?
• What is the typical cervical lordotic curve in degrees?
• Which regions are lordotic?
• The innervation of the PLL is from what neural structure?
• Structural scoliosis involves deformities of which structures?
• Which nerve carries postganglionic secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland via the auriculotemporal nerve?
• Which statement is true regarding OPLL, DISH, and OALL?
• How is scoliosis direction determined?
• Deep layer of the capsular ligament is composed of which fibers?
• There is an anastomosis between which major arteries?
• Which statement accurately describes the structural maintenance of lumbar lordosis?
• Which bones are unpaired in the neurocranium?
• What is a primary function of the ligamentum flavum?
• Infantile idiopathic scoliosis occurs from birth to ______ years.
• Non-structural scoliosis is characterized by a mild deviation that is unlikely to worsen and is not associated with deformities of the vertebral body or intervertebral disc.
• What is the function of the PLL?
• The emergence of lumbar lordosis is temporally associated with which developmental milestone?
• Which pairing correctly matches cartilage type to its articulation?
• The posterior fontanelle closes between which months, and from which tissue is it derived?
• Abnormal early closure of skull bones due to intramembranous ossification is called what?
• Inferior boundary of the infratemporal region is formed by which attachment to the mandible?
• Which structures primarily maintain the lumbar lordosis?
• At what age is cervical lordosis first apparent in development?
• Which type of extrusion penetrates the PLL?
• In AIS, which curve pattern predominates?
• Fracture at the pterion may risk injury to which artery?
• OPLL commonly affects the cervical spine and is also frequently found in the lumbar region.
• What is the orientation of the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) along the spine?
• The superior tarsal muscle (muscle of Muller's) is innervated by which nervous system and cranial nerve?
• Which type of sequestration penetrates the PLL and can protrude through both the PLL and dura mater?
• Three distinct zones of the intervertebral disc?
• Which condition promotes disc degeneration by depositing calcium in the posterior wall of the aorta, increasing risk of disc degeneration and is associated with back pain?
• Which cranial nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus of the posterior cranial fossa?
• Which nerve provides innervation to the muscles of mastication?
• In women with OPLL, the most likely cause is?
• The majority of scoliosis patients have idiopathic scoliosis.
• Which ligaments are found between the transverse processes of vertebrae throughout the entire length of the spine?
• The nasion is the meeting point of which bones?
• Function of capsular ligaments at the articular processes.
• What may happen to the cervical spine with Forestier's disease?
• Which kyphotic abnormality is present at birth?
• The septal cartilage of the nose attaches to which structures?
• What is the term for a free disc fragment with no attachment to the host IVD that can migrate freely?
• Which statement best describes the clinical significance of OPLL?
• Is AIS linked to autosomal dominant inheritance?
• The anterior fontanelle closes between which years, and from which cells is it derived?
• Hyperlordotic lumbar curve is commonly referred to as swayback. It is more commonly seen in which gender?
• Lateral boundary of the infratemporal region is formed by which structure?
• Which imaging modality is used for Cobb angle measurement?
• Interspinous ligaments are filled with which receptors to monitor movement?
• The anterior division of the retromandibular vein drains into which vein?
• Which are the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve?
• The lumbar curvature extends from which vertebral level to which structure?
• Which nerve provides the external ear innervation via a CN VII branch?
• Which kyphotic abnormality is characterized by the curve being almost completely absent?
• Which area of the temporal bone houses the inner ear structures?
• The superior and middle nasal conchae are from which bone, whereas the inferior nasal concha is its own bone?
• Which artery, a branch of the internal carotid, supplies the external nose?
• Where does the PLL attach along the spine?
• The palpebral conjunctiva is continuous with the bulbar conjunctiva, and they meet at the superior and inferior fornix.
• Which statement about the layers of the ligamentum nuchae is true?
• In infants, the facet (Z) joints are positioned coronally; in adults they are positioned sagittally. This difference is critical for what function?
• The viscerocranium forms which portion of the skull?
• The neurocranium consists of cranial vault and cranial base; which bones are paired and which are unpaired?
• OLF can cause compression of which structures?
• In juvenile idiopathic scoliosis, there is no gender difference until age 6. After this, which gender is affected more often?
• Which test is used to determine bone maturity in scoliosis by assessing the iliac crest apophysis?
• Scheuermann's Kyphosis typically presents during adolescence.
• Which nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression?
• At what age do we typically see AIS?
• Which statement accurately describes the TMJ?
• What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae?
• The deep layer of the supraspinous ligament becomes continuous with which ligaments?
• The intertransverse ligaments in the lumbar region are well-developed and have both medial and lateral slips. They are described as membranous bands.
• The sphenoidal fontanelle closes by about 6 months and is derived from which tissues?
• Lateral curvature deviations result from what?
• Which option correctly lists the three subtypes of extrusion?
• Intertransverse ligaments attach to the costal elements and true transverse processes in the cervical region. Which option best describes their attachment?
• Above C2, ALL continuous with which structure?
• The PLL is the inferior continuation of which structure?
• What are the five layers of the scalp? Which is the second layer?
• What is the action of the superior tarsal muscle?
• The facial nerve exits the skull through which foramen?
• Regarding congenital kyphosis, does it correct itself with time as the child develops?
• Which clinical condition is associated with an enlarged parotid gland?
• Which bones form the middle cranial fossa?
• Which of the following is NOT a correct ALL attachment?
• The Bregma landmark is formed where which sutures meet?
• Which arteries supply the external ear, and from which artery are they branches?
• Cervical hyperlordosis is defined as greater than how many degrees?
• Which ligament is the yellow ligament?
• Blockage of the scleral venous plexus leading to accumulation of aqueous humor causes which condition?
• Two parts of ligamentum nuchae: posterior layer called the funicular (superficial) layer and anterior layer called the lamellar (deep) layer.
• Which bones are paired in the neurocranium?
• The lesser petrosal nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?
• A herniated disc is the same as a disc bulge.
• Hyperkyphosis can be caused by which of the following factors?
• If this gland is blocked it results in a stye.
• Hyperextension, extension and buckling can all be associated with which spinal ligament?
• Postural kyphosis is more commonly seen in ______ between the ages of ______ to ______.
• What do some authors say the cervical curvature is composed of?
• OPLL is most frequently found in which spinal region?
• Which subtype occurs with a localized bulge of the NP through a few layers of the AF and discal matter is displaced?
• How is scoliosis location determined?
• What bones form the floor of the temporal region?
• What forms the roof of the temporal region?
• The joints between most skull bones are called what?
• Which of the following is a potential symptom of OPLL?
• Lumbar lordotic curvature is more pronounced in females.
• Which nerves supply the TMJ?
• The Risser sign correlates skeletal maturity with the potential for curve correction. Which statement is correct?
• Which suture is found between the parietal bones and the occipital bone?
• Cervical hypolordosis is defined as less than how many degrees?
• Which innervation to the lateral 1/3 of the annulus fibrosus?
• Which radiographic measurement is used to classify scoliosis severity on radiographs?
• Which method is used to determine the magnitude of a scoliotic curve?
• The ligamentum nuchae runs from which to which spinous processes?
• What are the two subtypes of sequestration?
• Which radiographic finding is typical of cervical DISH?
• Scheuermann's Kyphosis typically presents around which ages?
• The change of facet orientation from coronal to sagittal begins at how many months and ends at how many months?
• Which three idiopathic scoliosis types were discussed?
• Which region is supplied by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?
• Straight (military) neck is hypolordotic and is specific to which region?
• Which muscle does NOT contribute to lateral movement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
• Do capsular ligaments restrict movement significantly?
• OPLL is frequently found in the cervical region and which other region?
• The auricular branch to the external ear is carried by which nerve?
• IVD height diminishes with age.
• The nucleus pulposus becomes more fibrous as water and proteoglycans decrease.
• The superficial temporal artery is a terminal branch of which artery?
• The pelvic curve extends from which vertebral level to which?
• The posterior cranial fossae consists of which bones?
• Lumbar hyperlordosis is defined as a lumbar curve greater than what degrees?
• The infraorbital artery is a branch of which artery?
• What forms the inferior boundary of the orbit (including the openings)?
• Infantile idiopathic scoliosis is typically treated with surgery since it will worsen with development.
• The attachments of the ALL include which combination?
• The pterion is formed by the convergence of which four bones?
• OPLL can compress the spinal cord in the cervical region under what condition?
• Muscles of facial expression insert into which tissue rather than bone?
• All of the following muscles allow protrusion of the TMJ except which one?
• Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is associated with ossification of the ALL and is characterized by what radiographic finding?
• What is the most common type of idiopathic scoliosis?
• The capsular ligaments at the articular processes are located adjacent to which joints?
• At what age does the lumbar lordotic curvature typically develop?
• Lack of lordosis is commonly seen in individuals under what age?
• OPLL is more commonly seen in which age group?
• Second most common type?
• Tears ultimately drain into which nasal region?
• The inferior continuation of the ligamentum nuchae is which ligament, and from which levels does it run?
• Which ligament helps fill in the concave spaces and creates a smooth anterior surface of the vertebral bodies?
• T/F: Degeneration of the IVD can occur very early in life (between 20-30 years old).
• Postural kyphosis is associated with severe structural abnormalities.
• Location of the interspinous ligaments?
• What is the function of the supraspinous ligament?
• Ossification of the ALL is abbreviated as what?
• Which suture lies between the left and right parietal bones, and when does it fuse?
• Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis is seen from ages ______ to ______ years.
• Structural scoliosis will _____ in time.
• Which bones form the medial boundary of the orbit?
• Secondary curvatures are not apparent until the ______ period and allow for ______ posture in humans.
• Which branch does NOT enter the parotid gland?
• The mastoid fontanelle closes between which months, and from which germ layer is it derived?
• Which suture is found between the frontal bones?
• Which statement is true about the interspinous ligaments?
• Which nerve is derived from the cervical plexus and contributes to external ear innervation?
• The intertransverse ligaments in the cervical region are anterior and posterior ligaments that follow the _____________ and __________________ intertransversarii muscle.
• Superficial layer of the articular capsule is composed of which fibers?
• In infantile idiopathic scoliosis, which curve pattern predominates?
• In the multilayered ALL, how do the superficial and deep fibers differ in their spans?
• The ear receives innervation from which cranial nerve in general terms?
• How many spinal nerve levels receive sensory information from a single capsular ligament?
• At approximately what age does the coronal suture fuse?
• In the thoracic curvature, which body height is greater?
• The cervical spine is maintained by increased anterior dimension of the ______.
• At approximately what age does the lambdoid suture fuse?
• Lateral curvatures are thought to be associated with which combination of factors?
• Starting from the lacrimal gland, what is the correct order of tear drainage?
• What is the primary function of the interspinous ligaments?
• Which cranial nerves go through the middle cranial fossa?
• The parotid duct passes over which muscles and opens into the oral vestibule by which tooth?
• Which statement about postural kyphosis is correct?
• All of the following muscles allow retrusion of the TMJ except which one?
• Which innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the annulus fibrosus?
• The mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve provides sensation to which part of the face?
• OLF is hereditary.
• Which statement correctly describes the three layers of the supraspinous ligament and their connections?
• Which statement about the relationship between obesity and OLF is supported by the material?
• The interspinous ligament blends ventrally with which structure and dorsally with which structure?
• Which vein drains the superficial temporal and maxillary veins?
• What is a common cause of congenital kyphosis?
• The muscles of mastication are derived from which pharyngeal arch?
• Lumbar hypolordosis is defined as less than how many degrees?
• Which of the following describes the innervation pattern of the extraocular muscles?
• The posterior division of the retromandibular vein drains into which vein?
• OPLL is most commonly seen in which population group?
• The viscerocranium contains bones of the face. Which of the following best represents the viscerocranium bones that are paired?
• Tarsal (meibomian) glands secrete __________, which prevents evaporation of tear film.
• What attaches the tarsus to the walls of the orbit?
• OLF is commonly found in which spinal regions?
• Which of the following sutures is NOT a true suture?
• In primary curvatures, the curve faces which direction?
• Which is more common in scoliosis: structural scoliosis or non-structural scoliosis?
• The thoracic curve is an example of which type of curvature?
• The expansion of disc material beyond its normal borders is called?
• Which bones form the boundary of the superior orbital fissure?
• Which statement about DISH is true?
• What is the primary function of the ALL?
• The annulus fibrosis bulges in both disc herniation and disc bulge.
• Scoliosis can be caused by which of the following types of factors?
• In Scheuermann's Kyphosis, the wedge deformity arises from disruption of the cartilaginous end plates and epiphyseal rims.
• All of the following muscles allow elevation of the TMJ except which one?
• The nasal septum is formed by which bones?
• A higher Risser sign score indicates what about skeletal maturity?
• Tears drain into which structure immediately after leaving the lacrimal punctum?
• The mastoid fontanelle is derived from which germ layer?
• Which unique progression occurs at the L4 level during lumbar curve development?
• In scoliosis, the location of the curve is determined by the apex of curvature.
• How is water restored to the IVD after being diminished throughout the day?
• Enlargement of the capsular ligaments may lead to what?
• What are the three subcategories of IVD herniation?
• Scheuermann's Kyphosis involves disruption of which ossification centers?
• The sphenoidal fontanelle lies at the junction of which skull bones?
• Non-structural scoliosis is NOT commonly linked to which of the following?
• Does juvenile idiopathic scoliosis worsen with age?
• Which statement best describes the thoracic region's capsular ligaments?
• Which is the only spinal ligament that limits extension?
• Which statement correctly describes the location of the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?
• Which part of the skull undergoes intramembranous ossification, and what type of joint is present there?
• What is the typical curve pattern in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis?
• Dorsally, the interspinous ligament blends with which ligament?
• Lateral curvature deviations are thought to be associated with which factors?
• DISH is associated with ossification of which ligament?
• In trigeminal neuralgia, which division is most commonly affected?
• The muscles of facial expression derive from which pharyngeal arch?
• Which bones are unpaired in the viscerocranium?
• Which subtype occurs when the NP protrudes through ALL layers of the AF while remaining attached to the disc origin?
• Which statement about infantile idiopathic scoliosis is true?
• Which part of the intervertebral disc consists of concentric lamellae surrounding the nucleus pulposus?
• The anterior cranial fossa houses which structures?
• The ALL is thicker from which direction to which direction at regions of the vertebral bodies compared with the IVD regions?
• Which curvature is the least distinct of the spinal curves and increases significantly with age?
• Which structural abnormality is associated with a wedge-shaped vertebral body due to disruption of epiphyseal rims and cartilaginous end plates?
• Which structure functions as the proprioceptive transducer for spinal reflexes?
• The intertransverse ligaments in the thoracic region tend to merge with which muscle?
• The middle cranial fossa houses which structures?
• Which term describes a hypolordotic cervical curvature?